Chemistry Lab Safety Rules

Chemistry Lab Safety Rules

We are beginning a new unit of study with chemistry. Studying chemistry means using lab equipment and chemicals that are potentially harmful if misused. It is very important that lab rules are followed at all times.

General Guidelines:

1. Read and follow directions.

2. Never perform unauthorized experiments.

3. When entering the room, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials until told to do so by your teacher.

4. Never fool around.

5. Stay in your assigned lab area.

6. No food or drinks in the lab.

Appropriate Dress:

1. Tie back long hair.

2. No dangling sleeves or bracelets.

3. WEAR SAFETY GOGGLES AT ALL TIMES.

Safety with Chemicals:

1. Never taste or sniff chemicals.

2. Transport chemicals carefully in the lab.

3. Dispose of chemicals properly.

4. Report spills immediately.

5. Leave the lab area neat. Clean and rinse lab equipment if instructed to.

Bunsen Burners and Hot Plates:

1. Keep clothing and body parts away from flames and hot plates.

2. No reaching around or over flames or hot plates.

3. Turn burners and hot plates off when not in use.

4. Report any unlit burners or gas smells to the teacher immediately.

In case of an accident:

1. Report all accidents, spills, and broken lab equipment right away!

2. Never handle broken glass or attempt to clean up spills on your own.

3. Report wet floors to the teacher immediately.

4. If chemicals get on your skin or in your eyes, rinse with lots of running water and report the accident immediately.

5. Be aware of the location of the eye wash station, fire extinguisher, and fire blanket.

Lab Safety Agreement:

I will take responsibility for my own behavior and for my achievement in this class. I will follow the teacher’s instructions, protect my body during experiments, and act responsibly. I understand that I must demonstrate appropriate behavior at all times to be allowed to participate. I am aware that if I do not abide by the above rules I not only risk putting myself in danger of getting hurt, but others too. I understand that breaking any rule means removal from the lab exercise and other disciplinary actions.

_______________________________________

Student Signature

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Parent Signature

Homework 12/7

Name _________________________________

Centripetal Force and Fluid Pressure

1. _______________________________ is a false force that makes you feel as if you are being pulled out of circular motion, opposite to centripetal force.

2. Centripetal forces always act toward _________________________________________.

3. If centripetal force is removed, an object will continue traveling ______________________________________ perpendicular (tangent) to the center of the circle.

4. The Moon travels around the Earth because ___________________ from the Earth pulls the Moon out of the straight line it wants to travel and into a circular orbit.

5. A _________________ is a material that can flow and take the shape of its container.

6. As you travel up the side of a mountain gaining altitude, what happens to air pressure?

7. As you descend into the ocean, what happens to the fluid pressure the deeper you get?

8. If a fluid is CONFINED in a container and pressure is applied to the container, what can you say about the pressure?

9. What type of moving air has the lowest pressure?

10. Slow moving air under airplane wings creates an area of _______________ pressure that produces lift and pushes an airplane off the ground.

Physics: Final Quiz

Study Guide: Physics Quiz

Centripetal Force, Pressure in Fluids, Pascal’s Principle, and

Bernoulli’s Principle

1. Centripetal Force

A. Centripetal Forces always acts toward the center of a circle

B. What happens if CF is removed?

C. Be able to label the CF in a situation and draw a line showing the direction of motion if CF is removed.

D. Why is Centrifugal Force fake?

2. Pressure

A. What is pressure?

B. What causes pressure in a fluid?

C. What is air pressure?

D. What is air pressure (atmospheric pressure) at sea level?

E. What happens to air pressure as altitude increases?

F. What happens if air pressure is different inside and outside an object or structure?

G. What is Pascal’s Principle? How does a Cartesian Diver work?

H. What is Bernoulli’s Principle? How does Bernoulli’s Principle help an airplane fly? Be able to describe how Bernoulli’s Principle is working in different situations.

Centripetal Force HW

NOTE: IF YOU ARE COPYING THIS AT HOME... PICTURES ARE MISSING. YOU WILL HAVE TO DRAW YOUR OWN PICTURES TO ANSWER SOME QUESTIONS.

Name __________________________

Date __________

Centripetal Force Homework

1. Centripetal force always acts ____________________________________________.

2. Draw an arrow showing the direction the moon would travel if the Earth’s gravitational pull disappeared at the point shown.

3. When a car is racing on a track, what supplies the centripetal force to allow the car to turn the corners?

4. On a roller coaster loop, what supplies the centripetal force to make the coaster go in a circle? Why don’t you fall out when you go upside down in the loop?

5. Describe a situation that uses Centripetal Force to cause circular motion. What is supplying the centripetal force? What would happen if the centripetal force were removed?

Study Guide for final Physics Quiz

Study Guide: Physics Quiz

Centripetal Force, Pressure in Fluids, Pascal’s Principle, and

Bernoulli’s Principle

1. Centripetal Force

A. Centripetal Forces always act toward the center of a circle

B. What happens if CF is removed?

C. Be able to label the CF in a situation and draw a line showing the direction of motion if CF is removed.

D. Why is Centrifugal force fake?

2. Pressure

A. What is pressure?

B. What causes pressure in a fluid?

C. What is air pressure?

D. What is air pressure (atmospheric pressure) at sea level?

E. What happens to air pressure as altitude increases?

F. What happens if air pressure is different inside and outside an object or structure?

G. What is Pascal’s Principle? How does a Cartesian Diver work?

H. What is Bernoulli’s Principle? How does Bernoulli’s Principle help an airplane fly? Be able to describe how Bernoulli’s Principle is working in different situations.

Name ____________________________

Forces and Friction Homework (pages 374-387)

_______________________ 1. A force that pulls all objects toward each other.

_______________________ 2. As distance between objects increases, what happens to

gravity?

_______________________ 3. True or False: All objects in the Universe are gravitationally

attracted to all other objects in the universe.

_______________________ 4. When you step on a bathroom scale, you are determining the

gravitational force Earth is exerting on your mass. What is

another way to describe what the scale is measuring?

_______________________ 5. The amount of gravity depends on the amount of:

_______________________ 6. When gravity is the only force acting on a falling object, the

object is said to be in:

_______________________ 7. When a feather slowly floats to the ground, a type of fluid

friction called _________ is acting on the feather to slow its fall.

_______________________ 8. An object that is thrown instead of dropped is called a

projectile. True or False: An object that is thrown straight

out (an object with projectile motion) will fall at the same

rate as an object that is dropped from the same height.

_______________________ 9. When two solid surfaces move past each other, this type of

friction resists the motion.

_______________________ 10. To decrease sliding friction, oil is added to some machinery.

This creates a different kind of friction that is less resistant

than sliding friction. What kind of friction is created when

oil is applied to machinery?

_______________________ 11. When you help your family move a heavy piece of furniture,

what kind of friction resists your initial attempts at moving

the furniture?

________________________ 12. A force that resists the movement between two surfaces.

________________________ 13. When the net force applied to an object causes a change in

velocity, the forces can be described this way:

________________________ 14. Equal forces acting on an object. The net force is zero and

there is no change in velocity.

________________________ 15. If two forces are applied to the same side of the box (in the

same direction) and the forces are both equal to 20N, what

is the net force acting on the box?

________________________ 16. A push or a pull that attempts to change the velocity of an

object.

Study Guide Chapter 11

Forces

1. What is a force? (pages 374 – 377)

A. Define forces and give examples.

B. A Newton (N) is the unit for measuring a force like weight.

C. Net Force – the combination of all forces acting on an object. When two or more forces act in the same direction, add the forces. When two or more forces act in opposite directions, add them together but one of the forces is acting in a “negative” direction so it’s like adding positive and negative numbers.

D. Unbalanced Forces – When there is a net force acting on an object. Basically there is more push or pull from one direction than the other. This means that there will be a change in the object’s velocity in the direction of the greatest force.

E. Balanced Forces – Equal forces acting on one object in opposite directions. Balanced Forces do not change an object’s velocity.

2. Friction, Gravity (pages 380 – 388)

A. Friction – A force that two surfaces exert on each other when they rub up against each other. It acts in a direction opposite to the motion of objects.

B. Without friction or another unbalanced force, a moving object will not stop until it strikes another object.

C. Friction is caused by the irregular and bumpy surfaces of objects. The bumpier the surface, the more friction. Friction also depends on how hard the surfaces push together.

D. Types of friction:

1. Static Friction – Right before an object starts to move.

2. Sliding Friction – Two solid surfaces slide over one another.

3. Rolling Friction – When an object rolls over a surface.

4. Fluid Friction – When a solid object moves through a fluid like water or air. Air resistance is a type of fluid friction.

E. Gravity – Force that pulls objects together. Gravity is caused by mass. The more mass an object has, the greater the gravity. The closer objects are to each other, the more gravity will affect the objects.

F. Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s )

G. Free Fall – When the only force acting on as object is gravity. All objects in free fall accelerate at the same rate regardless of mass. Air resistance can slow objects down if their shape is changed to increase air friction. Terminal Velocity is when the downward force of gravity and the upward force of drag are equal on a falling object.

H. Projectile Motion – If an object is given horizontal motion as well as vertical, the motions are independent of each other. Throwing an object harder in a horizontal direction will not make it drop slower. It will travel farther per second away from the drop point than an object thrown will less force but it will fall toward Earth at the same rate.

3. Newton’s Laws of Motion (pages 389 – 397)

A. First Law of Motion – Objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

1. Inertia – Tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.

B. Second Law of Motion – Force = Mass x Acceleration

C. Third Law of Motion – For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

D. Momentum – Quantity of motion that depends on the mass of an object and its velocity. People usually use Newton’s Second Law of Motion to describe Momentum.

Study Guide- Chapter 9 Motion

Study Guide – Chapter 9 Motion

and Buoyancy

Key Terms are underlined and in bold. You need to know the definitions and examples/explanations for all key terms.

1. Buoyancy (pages 424 – 429)

A. Buoyancy is the ability to float

B. Buoyant Force is an upward force that is exerted by a fluid. Buoyant force acts in an opposite direction to gravity.

C. Archimedes’ Principle states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the volume of fluid displaced.

D. Be able to describe why a huge metal ship, like an aircraft carrier, is able to float, while a chunk of metal isn’t.

E. Be able to describe why the Titanic sank (or your overloaded aluminum foil boats) using density and buoyancy.

2. Describing Motion (Pages 338 – 341)

A. What is motion?

B. What is a reference point? Why is it important for the reference point to be a stable object?

C. If objects are moving together (like you when you drive home from school with your parents or a carpool) are they in motion relative to each other (relative motion)?

D. What are distance and displacement? Be able to label on a map.

3. Speed and Velocity (pages 342 – 347)

A. What is speed? Know that speed is calculated with the formula

speed = distance/time. Be able to solve speed problems.

B. Average speed is the total distance covered divided by the total time covered.

C. Velocity is speed in a direction. The formula for calculating velocity is the same as for speed but you need to add a direction.

D. Be able to read graphs showing Time and Distance like the graphs on pages 346 and 347. You need to be able to describe the motion at each point.

E. On distance and time graphs, the steeper the slope, the faster the object is moving. The shallower the slope, the slower the object is moving.

4. Acceleration (pages 352- 355)

A. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. If speed changes (faster or slower) OR direction changes, then an object has accelerated.

B. Be able to read a distance vs. time graph for acceleration like the one on page 355.

C. IF I give you an extra credit questions, it may be to figure out the acceleration of an object given the velocities and total time like the zip line lab in class. See page 353 for practice.

5. Energy (pages 358 – 363)

A. Energy is the ability to do work. Work is what is required to put an object in motion.

B. Potential Energy is stored energy. Be able to describe chemical, elastic and gravitational potential energy in real-life situations.

C. Gravitational potential energy depends on the height of an object and its weight. The more massive the object and the height of the object will determine the amount of potential energy.

D. Kinetic Energy is energy of motion. As an object falls is gains kinetic as it loses potential. Energy is transformed. Kinetic energy depends upon mass and speed but speed really affects the moving energy of an object.

E. The Law of Conservation of Energy says that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form. Be able to apply this law to the roller coasters we build in class, to how a pendulum moves, and also to explain why the pendulum CAN’T hit you in the face if you let it go from the tip of your nose.

6. Review Concepts - Chapter 1 (pages 6-26)

I may ask questions about these concepts that have already been tested. You can use your old study guide (find a copy online) to get more information.

A. Scientific Equipment

B. Scientific Inquiry (Hypothesis, Manipulated /Independent Variable, Responding/Dependant Variable, Controlled Variables, Controlled Experiment, Scientific Theory)

C. Measurement – (Know the definitions and units used to measure mass, length, volume, and time.)

D. Know what density is and how it is different from weight. Additional information on density can also be found in the section with buoyancy (pages 424-429).

Kinetic and Potential Energy Homework

Name ____________________________

Kinetic and Potential Energy

Pages 358 – 363

1. What is energy?

2. What is kinetic energy?

3. What are the two things that affect the kinetic energy of an object?

A.

B.

4. What is potential energy?

5. What is gravitational potential energy? Give an example.

6. What kind of energy is shown when you stretch a rubber band?

7. How does a pendulum show the Law of Conservation of Energy?

Chapter 9 - Motion - Motion and Point of Reference HW

Name ______________________________

Chapter 9 – Reference Points, Distance and Displacement

Use pages 338 - 341.

1. How do you know if an object is moving?

2. Suppose you are riding in a car. Describe your motion relative to the car, the road, and the Sun.

3. How are distance and displacement similar? How are they different?

4. Suppose you moved 8 meters forward and then 3 meters backward. What is your displacement from your original position?

5. An object moves 3 cm to the right, then 6 cm to the left, then 8 cm to the right. What is the object’s final displacement from the origin?

Name __________________________________

Pages 424 – 429 in the textbook

Buoyancy Homework

1. On April 15, 1912 the Titanic sank on its maiden voyage when an iceberg ripped a hole in the side of the ship filling five of the interior compartments with water. Use buoyant force to explain how the Titanic floated in water but then sank as it filled with water.

2. An object that weighs 340 Newtons floats on a lake. What is the weight of the displaced water? What is the buoyant force?

3. Look at the cartoon to the right. Use buoyant force to explain why the duck is floating lower in the water than the other ducks.

***Find the cartoon on the bottom of the "notes" handout that I gave you in class today. It shows four ducks and one is floating deeper in the water than the other ducks.

Study Guide - Chapter 1 test

Study Guide – 8^th Grade Physical Science

Chapter 1 Test

To prepare for this test you will need to use your notes, labs, homework, and class work as well as your textbook.

Scientific Inquiry (pages 6-15)

1. Know what an inference is. Be prepared to make inferences about a picture similar to the class and homework examples.

2. Know what a hypothesis is.

3. What are parameters in a scientific investigation?

4. Know the definitions for manipulated and responding variable and be able to identify each in a given example.

5. What is a controlled experiment? Why is it important for experiments to be controlled?

6. What is a scientific theory? Know how theories and hypotheses are different.

Measurement and Equipment (pages 16 – 26)

1. What is length? What units do we use to measure length in science?

2. What is weight?

3. What is mass? What units do we use to measure mass?

4. How are weight and mass different?

5. What happens to weight as gravity increases or decreases?

6. What is volume? What units do we use to measure volume?

7. What is density? What are the units for density? What is the formula used to measure density?

8. Be ready to compare the relative densities of common objects discussed in class.

9. Know graduated cylinder, beaker, balance, ruler, and Erlenmeyer flask.

Graphing in Science (pages 34 – 41)

1. Know how to identify manipulated and responding variables in an experiment.

2. Know how to take the data from a data table and graph the data putting the manipulated data on the horizontal axis and the responding variable on the vertical axis. Label each axis.

3. Know how to read a line graph.